1. VCE (Ethyl Ascorbic Acid) has excellent stability and is a non-discoloring, amphiphilic derivative of vitamin C.

2. Due to its amphiphilic nature, VCE offers better skin affinity and permeability.

3. VCE is suitable for various formulation types, including liquid solutions, emulsions, and lyophilized powders.

4. It is recommended to add VCE at temperatures below 45°C during formulation.

5. Formulations should include chelating agents(e.g., disodium EDTA) and antioxidants to enhance stability.

6. In formulations containing buffer salts and high electrolytes, it is advisable to use salt-tolerant carbomers or other electrolyte-resistant thickeners.

7. The optimal pH for VCE formulations is below 5.5, preferably between 4.5 and 5.5.

8. The recommended VCE usage level is 0.1–3.0%.